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7667209 
Journal Article 
Bioaccessibility constrains the co-composting bioremediation of field aged PAH contaminated soils 
Leech, C; Tighe, MK; Pereg, L; Winter, Gal; Mcmillan, M; Esmaeili, A; Wilson, SC; , 
2020 
1 
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation
ISSN: 0964-8305
EISSN: 1879-0208 
ELSEVIER SCI LTD 
OXFORD 
149 
104922 
English 
WOS:000528553300002 
Co-composting for the remediation treatment of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in field contaminated soil was examined in this study. Two PAH contaminated soils collected from a manufacturing gas plant site with high PAH concentrations (184.00 +/- 3.99 mg kg(-1) and 490.0 +/- 43.53 mg kg(-1)) were co-composted with cattle manure and wheat straw for up to 56 days in laboratory microcosms. A range of optimised co-composting treatments including addition of Triton-X100 surfactant and a biological surfactant from the Australian Red Ash tree (Aiphitonia excelsa) were tested. There was no significant decrease in the PAH concentrations in any of the different co-composting treatments for either of the soils, despite an 87% decrease in a phenanthrene spike (100 mg kg(-1)), and evidence of PAH microbial catabolic activity. Non-exhaustive extraction using hydroxypropl-5-cyclodextrin (HP-5-CD) and linear regression modelling confirmed that PAH bioaccessibility constrained PAH co-composting remediation in these soils. The results demonstrate that co-composting alone is not an effective remediation strategy for certain aged PAH contaminated soils. For these soils some form of pre-composting chemical or engineering treatment is required to overcome bioaccessibility limitations in successful remediation. 
Bioaccessibility; Composting; Hydroxypropl-β-cyclodextrin; PAHs; Remediation; Soil