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7686084 
Journal Article 
Review 
Enhanced antibacterial properties of orthopedic implants by titanium nanotube surface modification: a review of current techniques 
Li, Y; Yang, Y; Li, R; Tang, X; Guo, D; Qing, Y; Qin, Y; , 
2019 
Yes 
International Journal of Nanomedicine
ISSN: 1176-9114
EISSN: 1178-2013 
DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD 
ALBANY 
14 
7217-7236 
English 
31564875 
WOS:000483720500002 
Prosthesis-associated infections are one of the main causes of implant failure; thus it is important to enhance the long-term antibacterial ability of orthopedic implants. Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) are biomaterials with good physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Owing to their inherent antibacterial and drug-loading ability, the antibacterial application of TNTs has received increasing attention. In this review, the process of TNT anodizing fabrication is summarized. Also, the mechanism and the influencing factors of the antibacterial property of bare TNTs are explored. Furthermore, different antibacterial strategies for carrying drugs, as well as modifications to prolong the antibacterial effect and reduce drug-related toxicity are discussed. In addition, antibacterial systems based on TNTs that can automatically respond to infection are introduced. Finally, the currently faced problems are reviewed and potential solutions are proposed. This review provides new insight on TNT fabrication and summarizes the most advanced antibacterial strategies involving TNTs for the enhancement of long-term antibacterial ability and reduction of toxicity. 
Antibacterial property; Drug delivery; Orthopaedic implant; Surface modification; Titanium dioxide nanotube