Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)


Print Feedback Export to File
7751248 
Journal Article 
Review 
Cadmium stress in paddy fields: Effects of soil conditions and remediation strategies 
Hussain, B; Ashraf, MN; Shafeeq-Ur-Rahman, MN; Abbas, A; Li, J; Farooq, M 
2021 
1 
Science of the Total Environment
ISSN: 0048-9697
EISSN: 1879-1026 
754 
142188 
English 
33254942 
WOS:000593905500015 
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in paddy soil and accumulation in rice plants and grains have got global concern due to its health effects. This review highlights the effects of soil factors including soil organic matter, soil pH, redox potential, and soil microbes which influencing Cd uptake by rice plant. Therefore, a comprehensive review of innovative and environmentally friendly management practices for managing Cd stress in rice is lacking. Thus, this review discusses the effect of Cd toxicity in rice and describes management strategies to offset its effects. Moreover, future research thrusts to reduce its uptake by rice has also been highlighted. Through phytoremediation, Cd may be extracted and stabilized in the soil while through microbes Cd can be sequestrated inside the microbial bodies. Increased Cd uptake in hyperaccumulator plants to remediate and convert the toxic form of Cd into non-toxic forms. While in chemical remediation, Cd can be washed out, immobilized and stabilized in the soil through chemical amendments. The organic amendments may help through an increase in soil pH, adsorption in its functional groups, the formation of complexations, and the conversion of exchangeable to residual forms. Developing rice genotypes with restricted Cd uptake and reduced accumulation in grain through conventional and marker-assisted breeding are fundamental keys for safe rice production. In this regard, the use of molecular techniques including identification of QTLs, CRISPR/Cas9, and functional genomics may be quite helpful.