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7816575 
Journal Article 
Review 
Mitochondrial metabolism of reactive oxygen species 
Andreyev, AY; Kushnareva, YE; Starkov, AA 
2005 
1 
Biochemistry (Moscow)
ISSN: 0006-2979
EISSN: 1608-3040 
70 
2 
200-214 
English 
15807660 
WOS:000227736500014 
Oxidative stress is considered a major contributor to etiology of both "normal" senescence and severe pathologies with serious public health implications. Mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are thought to augment intracellular oxidative stress. Mitochondria possess at least nine known sites that are capable of generating superoxide anion, a progenitor ROS. Mitochondria also possess numerous ROS defense systems that are much less studied. Studies of the last three decades shed light on many important mechanistic details of mitochondrial ROS production, but the bigger picture remains obscure. This review summarizes the current knowledge about major components involved in mitochondrial ROS metabolism and factors that regulate ROS generation and removal. An integrative, systemic approach is applied to analysis of mitochondrial ROS metabolism, which is now dissected into mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial ROS removal, and mitochondrial ROS emission. It is suggested that mitochondria augment intracellular oxidative stress due primarily to failure of their ROS removal systems, whereas the role of mitochondrial ROS emission is yet to be determined and a net increase in mitochondrial ROS production in situ remains to be demonstrated.