US EPA

7849122 

Journal Article 

Experimental analysis and analytical modeling of Enhanced-Ragone plot 

Catenaro, E; Rizzo, DM; Onori, S 

2021 

Yes 

Applied Energy
ISSN: 0306-2619
EISSN: 1872-9118 

291 

English 

10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116473 

WOS:000640380600001 

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102150152&doi=10.1016%2fj.apenergy.2021.116473&partnerID=40&md5=fda8ec830338c7a1bde07ed32e1cb3ef
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In this study, we propose an experimentally validated Enhanced-Ragone plot (ERp) that displays key characteristics of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of their cathode composition and operating conditions, and can be employed as a design tool to guide energy storage system (ESS) selection for applications ranging from electrified vehicles to stationary grid storage. We build the ERp using experiments - under different C-rate and operating temperature - from cylindrical graphite anode LIBs of the type 1865 nickel-cobalt-aluminum-oxide, 2170 nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide and 2665 iron-phosphate. Moreover, for each LIB tested, six cell samples are used to assess the statistical significance and repeatability of the data collected. A zero-th order equivalent circuit-based modeling approach is then proposed and experimentally validated to predict the specific energy and specific power on the ERp. Finally, the proposed ERp framework is showed on a case study of battery sizing in electric vehicle applications. 

Lithium-ion battery; Enhanced-Ragone plot; Analytical power-energy relationship; Battery galvanostatic tests; Statistical characterization of battery data