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7887616 
Journal Article 
The Effect of Ocean Acidification on Calcifying Organisms in Marine Ecosystems: An Organism-to-Ecosystem Perspective 
Hofmann, GE; Barry, JP; Edmunds, PJ; Gates, RD; Hutchins, DA; Klinger, T; Sewell, MA 
2010 
Yes 
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics
ISSN: 1543-592X 
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 
41 
127-147 
WOS:000284978200007 
Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, poses a serious threat to marine organisms in tropical, open-ocean, coastal, deep-sea, and high-latitude sea ecosystems The diversity of taxonomic groups that precipitate calcium carbonate from seawater are at particularly high risk Here we review the rapidly expanding literature concerning the biological and ecological impacts of OA on calcification, using a cross-scale, process-oriented approach In comparison to calcification, we find that areas such as fertilization, early life-history stages, and interaction with synergistic stressors are understudied Although understanding the long-term consequences of OA are critical, available studies are largely short-term experiments that do not allow for tests of long-term acclimatization or adaptation Future research on the phenotypic plasticity of contemporary organisms and interpretations of performance in the context of current environmental heterogeneity of pCO(2) will greatly aid in our understanding of how organisms will respond to OA in the future 
acclimation; adaptation; calcification; carbon dioxide; climate change; synergistic stressors 
Simberloff, D.