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8018136 
Journal Article 
PLATINUM AND PALLADIUM IN CO-RICH FERROMANGANESE CRUST DEPOSITS 
Halbach, P; Prause, B; Koch, K; Westholt, M 
1990 
9 
1 
117-126 
English 
WOS:A1990EC72500006 
A short review concerning genesis of ferromanganese crusts points out general chemical and mineralogical aspects. Crusts from the Central Pacific contain an average of 0.5 ppm platinum. Peak values increase up to 1.8 ppm. Attempts are made by presenting different hypotheses to understand these high values compared with the platinum level within the oceanic water column. An extraterrestrial input as a possible source for platinum group elements is discussed. Starting from a thermodynamic view, theoretical calculations indicate that co-precipitation of platinum and manganese oxyhydrates in sea water may take place within the special geochemical environment of a more pronounced paleo-oxygen-minimum zone. Therefore, the decomposition of the platinum tetrachloro-complex is necessary. A redox process combining the oxidation of Mn2+ originating from this zone and the reduction of Pt2+ cations captured in chloro complexes to the zero valent state may explain the enrichment of platinum in crust material. -from Authors