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8038138 
Journal Article 
Impact of coal mining on stream biodiversity in the US and its regulatory implications 
Giam, X; Olden, JD; Simberloff, D 
2018 
1 
Nature Sustainability
ISSN: 2398-9629 
1 
4 
176-183 
WOS:000439159000011 
Coal mining is a major cause of land-use change in the US, and according to the Energy Information Administration it is expected to remain a key part of the national electricity portfolio until at least 2040. It is therefore crucial to understand the environmental impact of coal mining. Although a scientific consensus has emerged that coal mining negatively affects water quality, a quantitative synthesis of biodiversity impacts is currently lacking. Here, we show that mining under current federal statutes-the 1972 Clean Water Act and the 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act-has negative implications for freshwater biota. Streams affected by coal mining averaged one-third (32%) lower taxonomic richness and one-half (53%) lower total abundance than unmined streams, with these impacts occurring across all taxa investigated thus far (invertebrates, fish, and salamanders). Even after post-mining reclamation, biodiversity impacts persisted. Our investigation demonstrates that current US regulations are insufficient to fully protect stream biodiversity.