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8094915 
Book/Book Chapter 
Organic light-emitting devices and their applications for flat-panel displays 
Yu, G; Wang, J 
2006 
CRC Press 
Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices 
1-43 
English 
The electroluminescence (EL) phenomenon was first discovered in a piece of carborundum (SiC) crystal by H.J. Round in 1907 [1]. Commercial research into light-emitting diodes (LEDs) technology started in early 1962, when Nick Holonyak Jr. created the first inorganic LED [2,3]. Work on gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) led to the introduction of the first commercially mass-produced 655 nm red LEDs in 1968 by Hewlett-Packard and Monsanto. In 1950s, Bernanose first observed EL in organic material by applying a high-voltage alternating current (AC) field to crystalline thin films of acridine orange and quinacrine [4,5]. The direct current (DC) driven EL cell using single crystals of anthracene was first demonstrated by Pope and his coworkers following the discovery of LEDs made with III-V compound semiconductors [6]. In 1975, the first organic electroluminescence (OEL) devices made with a polymer polyvinyl carbazole (PVK) were demonstrated [7]. © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.