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8095320 
Journal Article 
Multifunctional chromophores for monolithic photorefractive materials 
Wada, T; Wang, L; Zhang, Y; Tian, M; Sasabe, H 
1996 
15 
1-4 
103-110 
English 
We have developed novel multifunctional chromophores for photorefractive applications. Two kinds of molecular systems were studied: carbazole oligomers and asymmetrically substituted phthalocyanine. The carbazole oligomers can form amorphous solid films by spin-coating, which can be poled at elevated temperatures. The second-harmonic optical coefficients d33 were determined to be 50 pm/V. Photorefractive effects were confirmed by two-beam coupling measurements and asymmetric optical energy exchange has been observed. Optical image reconstruction of distorted images using phase conjugation was demonstrated in poled carbazole oligomer films via four-wave mixing.