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8111098 
Journal Article 
The Kinetics of Carbanion-catalyzed Isomerization of Butenes and 1-Pentene 
Haag, WO; Pines, H 
1960 
Yes 
Journal of the American Chemical Society
ISSN: 0002-7863
EISSN: 1520-5126 
82 
2 
387-391 
English 
The catalytic isomerization of olefins was studied kinetically between 30° and 195°. It was found that n-butenes isomerize reversibly in the presence of base catalysts such as sodium-anthracene, sodium deposited on alumina, silica or sodium carbonate, lithium-on-alumina, and sodium dispersion. 1-Pentene similarly was isomerized to an equilibrium mixture of the n-pentenes over sodium-on-alumina. From the kinetic data the individual relative rate constants were determined for the sodium on alumina catalyzed isomerization of the n-butenes. The rate expression for the kinetic system consisting of competitive reversible reactions between each of three components was set up. The experimental data indicate that kinetic control of the products is operating. For instance, in the isomerization of 1-butene the thermodynamically less stable cis-2-butene is produced four times faster than the trans isomer. The mechanisms of the base-catalyzed isomerizations are discussed in the light of the kinetic data. © 1960, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.