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8113492 
Journal Article 
Determination of brodifacoum, bromadiolone and difenacoum in commercial rodenticides by using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection 
Belyaev, ES; Andreev, SV; Ivanova, AO; Ischenko, AA 
2019 
Yes 
Bulgarian Chemical Communications
ISSN: 0861-9808 
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 
51 
47-51 
English 
Small vertebrates are carriers of infectious diseases. Recently, brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difenacoum are used in rodenticides more often. This work describes simple methods for determination of brodifacoum, bromadiolone and difenacoum in all types of rodenticide baits. For analysis of wheat-based and grain baits, about 10 g of the sample is sonicated in acetone for 3 hours. Then, the grain or flour is separated. Then the acetone is evaporated, the residue is dissolved in acetonitrile. Solid briquettes are a mixture of paraffin, poison and filler, which can be used as grain, flour and the like. Extraction in the hexane-acetonitrile system solves the problem of difficult analysis of baits containing paraffin. Paraffin dissolves in hexane, while brodifacoum, bromadiolone and difenacoum are not. If the bait contains any filler, it is filtered and the poison is extracted from it as described above. The resulting extract was examined using reversed phase HPLC with a diode array detector. The best separation of the components was achieved using a Thermo Acclaim Surfactant 5 μm (4.6 × 250 mm) column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1 M aqueous ammonium acetate solution (pH 5.4) in a gradient elution mode. Linearity for considered rodenticides varies from 0.00067 to 0.010 %. Depending on the type of bait limits of detection for bromadiolone was from 0.000102 to 0.000143 %, for brodifacoum from 0.000101 to 0.000255 % and for difenacoum from 0.000156 to 0.000313 %. The recovery of bromadiolone was 94 %, for brodifacoum – 98 %, for difenacoum – 90 %. © 2019 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Union of Chemists in Bulgaria. 
Brodifacoum; Bromadiolone; Difenacoum; HPLC; Rodenticides