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8158648 
Journal Article 
Controlling metal ion fouling in industrial water systems 
Amjad, Z 
2000 
17 
4 
31-40 
English 
The fouling of industrial water systems by metal oxide/hydroxide was investigated with emphasis an aluminium, iron, manganese and zinc ions. Metal ion solution chemistry is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the three main approaches for controlling fouling caused by metal ions are discussed: precipitation; chelation with citric acid, gluconic acid, sulphamic acid, tartaric acid, polydentate amino acid, phosphonic acid, and polymers; and stabilization/dispersion. 
Fouling; Industry; Water supply