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8208721 
Journal Article 
Review 
Winery wastewater treatment: a critical overview of advanced biological processes 
Bolzonella, D; Papa, M; Da Ros, C; Anga Muthukumar, L; Rosso, D; , 
2019 
Yes 
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
ISSN: 0738-8551
EISSN: 1549-7801 
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD 
ABINGDON 
489-507 
English 
30939935 
WOS:000468344700004 
Wine production is one of the leading sectors of the food processing industry. The wine industry produces a large amount of wastewater characterized by a high strength in terms of organic pollution and large variability throughout the year. Most of the organic matter is soluble and easily biodegradable. On the other hand, nitrogen and phosphorous are lacking. The aerobic and anaerobic processes are largely applied for winery wastewater treatment because they can quickly react to changes in the organic loading. This review analyzes e applied biological systems, considering both aerobic and anaerobic processes, and different reactor configurations. The performances of different biological processes are evaluated in terms of operational conditions (organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time). Aerobic processes can guarantee chemical oxygen demand removal up to 98% for organic loading rates of some 1-2 kg of chemical oxygen demand m-3d-1 but requires good aeration systems to supply the required process oxygen. The management cost of these processes could be high considering the power density in the range 60-70 W m-3reactor and that nutrients should be added to support biomass growth. On the other hand, anaerobic processes are able to face high organic loads with low running costs, but COD removal is generally limited to 90%. Combination of the two treatment systems (anaerobic followed by aerobic) could reduce management costs and meet high discharge standards.