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8263357 
Journal Article 
Pengekstrakan skualena daripada daun Aquilaria malaccensis menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan yang berlainan 
Ramli, WND; Yunus, MAC; Yian, LN; Idham, Z; Aziz, AHA; Aris, NA; Putra, NR; Sham, SK 
2018 
Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences 
22 
6 
973-983 
English 
Nowadays deep sea sharks species have been hunted for its liver oil as the major source of squalene because of its importance in medical field especially as an antioxidant and anticancer compound. Studies have proved the existence of squalene compound in the Aquilaria malaccensis leaves. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) extraction was done to study the effect of SC-CO 2 operating parameters (pressure and temperature) on the oil yield as well as percentage yield of squalene compound in the oil extracted from the leaves. Both the oil yield and the squalene percentage obtained by using SC-CO 2 extraction method were compared with conventional Soxhlet extraction technique. For SC-CO 2 extraction, the temperature used were 45 °C, 60 °C and 75 °C while the operating pressures were 100 bar, 200 bar and 300 bar. Each extraction process was carried out for 60 minutes with carbon dioxide flow rate of 8 g/min. Meanwhile for Soxhlet extraction, six types of solvents were used (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, acetone and water). Soxhlet extraction gave higher oil yield (45.66%) by using ethanol as solvent compared to SC-CO 2 (13.22%) at 300 bar and 60 °C. However, Soxhlet gave lower squalene percentage in the oil extract (0.78%) by using n-hexane as solvent when compare with SC-CO 2 (3.97%) at 200 bar and 60 °C. These findings reveal that SC-CO 2 extraction is a preferable technique used to extract oil with high percentage of squalene compared to conventional Soxhlet extraction technique with shorter extraction time and higher selectivity on squalene. © 2018, Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences. All rights reserved. 
Aquilaria malaccensis; Gas chromatography analysis; Squalene; Supercritical carbon dioxide