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8317818 
Journal Article 
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) in Rectal Cancer 
Stephens, SJ; Willett, CG; Palta, M; Czito, BG 
2018 
Chk 
Current Colorectal Cancer Reports
ISSN: 1556-3790
EISSN: 1556-3804 
14 
6 
199-206 
English 
Purpose of Review: This review summarizes the relevant literature on the use of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. It highlights the most notable literature published and briefly discusses future directions. Recent Findings: Recent randomized trials evaluating TNT show improved rates of pathologic complete response and patient treatment tolerance with this approach. Summary: The rationale for TNT includes the poor patient tolerance of adjuvant chemotherapy and the persistent risk of distant disease in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, despite improvements in local control. Randomized trials have focused on short-term pathologic endpoints. Ongoing phase 3 trials are evaluating long-term disease-related outcomes, allowing for a more thorough evaluation of this treatment paradigm. TNT may also facilitate organ preservation in appropriately selected patients. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. 
Chemoradiation; Neoadjuvant; Organ preservation; Rectal cancer; Total mesorectal excision; Total neoadjuvant therapy