US EPA

8343514 

Journal Article 

Is manganese induced neurotoxicity a potential model for parkinson's disease? an overview on its complications 

Mahalakshmi, AM; Nidavani, RB; Suresh, B 

2014 

1 

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
ISSN: 2656-0097
EISSN: 0975-1491 

6 

SUPPL. 2 

6-15 

English 

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common movement disorders, affecting over 6 million people annually across the globe. During normal aging, approximately 0.1-0.2% of the dopaminergic neurons in substancia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is lost annually. But this rate is accelerated in patients with PD and symptoms manifests when 70-80% of these neurons have been lost. Manganese (Mn) is a vital trace mineral necessary for normal development and biological functions whereas it is also labelled as environmental toxic factor by World Health Organization (WHO). It is an essential co-factor for many of the enzymes which include oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases and ligases. Excessive exposure to Mn is referred to as manganism, which is a well-recognized occupational and environmental hazard which can lead to an extrapyramidal syndrome manifested by impairment in iron homeostasis, cellular excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and induction of protein aggregation. Mn induced neurotoxicity is one of the models for screening anti-parkinsonian agents. Complications, cellular disturbances, advantages and the major drawbacks of the model are the limelight of the present study. 

Anaemia; Manganese madness; Neurotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Parkinsons disease; Substantia nigra pars compacta