Introduction and Aim: Contemporary research focuses on "Phytomedicine" because its role in humans is not only nutritional but also therapeutic as well as preventive. The immense benefits of phytomedicine are due to the synergistic actions of multiple active chemicals in them. The identification of these chemicals is possible through extensive plant characterization. A major concern of the present study is to establish detailed pharmacognostical, physico chemical, proximate, mineral and vitamin profile of Star Gooseberry fruit [Phyllanthus acidus L. Skeels], also named as "arai nelli" in Tamil; which is traditionally used to treat jaundice, asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism, constipation, gonorrhoea and psoriasis over different parts of the globe. Materials and Methods: In a pharmacognostic study, both the whole fruit of P.acidus and the fruit powder was subjected to macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. The fruit powder was tested for the presence of physicochemical parameters like total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, moisture content, fixed oil and titrable acidity. Proximate values, mineral and vitamin profile were also determined. Results: Macroscopic study of fruit showed 3-4 lobe and globose shape. Fruit powder microscopy indicated the presence of lignified, thick-walled stone cells with striations. The results of physicochemical analysis revealed 7.92% total ash, 10.33% acid insoluble ash, 79.33% water soluble ash and 3.98% moisture. Proximate and other nutrient examination proved that Star Gooseberry fruit is a good source of carbohydrate, protein, lysine proline, ascorbic acid, niacin, thiamine, sodium, potassium, and calcium. Conclusion: This study provides the scientific data for the proper identification and use of P.acidus in diet and drug. © 2017 Indian Association of Biomedical Scientists. All rights reserved.