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8378677 
Journal Article 
Discovery of graphene and beyond 
Kumar, CV; Pattammattel, A; , 
2017 
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV 
AMSTERDAM 
INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHENE: CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS 
1-15 
WOS:000447326300001 
The advent of graphene as a wonder material of the 21st century is an inspiring story. This chapter focuses on a brief history of graphene before and after the isolation and complete characterization by Geim and Novoselov in 2004. Interestingly, graphite chemistry began in 1859, when the syntheses of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were reported. Microscopic images of single-layer graphene (SLG) oxide sheets were observed in 1948, but the amazing properties of graphene got attention only in the 21st century. After the successful isolation of graphene, other atomically thin layers of inorganic materials were reported, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), molybdenum sulfide, and other dichalcogenides. A short introduction to these graphene family members is given in Section 1.6. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of these materials, such as scalability, cost, and toxicity, are examined. This chapter gives an introduction to the two-dimensional materials, which are going to be the foci of the following chapters. 
978-0-12-813182-4