US EPA

8421248 

Journal Article 

Anionic Polymerization of Olefins 

Bywater, S 

1976 

Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics 

15 

C 

1-65 

English 

10.1016/S0069-8040(08)70047-5 

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882537426&doi=10.1016%2fS0069-8040%2808%2970047-5&partnerID=40&md5=20ee24baa401c981e0cccd3de4664350
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Anionic polymerizations comprise systems in which the growing polymer chain has a terminal reactive carbon atom with a partial or full negative charge. Information on polymerization initiated by the alkaline earth metals is still only qualitative in nature. This chapter shows that early work with the alkali metals and alkyls served principally to define the conditions required to polymerize various olefins. The chapter discusses the polymerization of styrene and dienes in hydrocarbon solvents and in polar solvents. Studies of the mechanism of chain initiation in hydrocarbon solvents are restricted to experiments with lithium alkyls. Lithium butoxides increase the rate of reaction of lithium alkyls with olefins in cyclohexane or hexane but decrease it in benzene. The chapter presents the polymerization of polar monomers. A relatively large number of vinyl monomers possessing electron-withdrawing groups can be polymerized by organo-lithium or magnesium compounds. The polymerizations seldom show the characteristics of the “living polymer” systems. The initiator, besides adding to the double bond of the monomer, can react with its polar groups to produce inactive products. © 1976, Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.