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8441313 
Meetings & Symposia 
Quantification of antioxidant degradation products as indicator for jet A-1 fuel degradation by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) 
Frauscher, M; Besser, C; Dã¶Rr, N; Rã¶Gner, A 
2019 
IASH 
16th International Conference on Stability Handling and Use of Liquid Fuels 
English 
For the reduction of susceptibility to thermo-oxidative ageing of kerosene-type jet fuels, antioxidants, of which the specification only allows a limited spectrum of phenol-type substances, are added. One of these compounds is butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), whose antioxidant effect is frequently described in literature. However, there is little information about the emerging degradation products, which can be formed during storage. Therefore, this study introduces a time-resolved artificial alteration and analytical method for the quantification of BHT and its degradation products in a model kerosene. The limitations of the determination of BHT in low levels with infrared spectroscopy are demonstrated. For unambiguous identification of the degradation products as well as quantification of the residual BHT amount and selected degradation products, in particular 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (BQ), GC-MS and GC-MS/MS were used. Limit of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) was determined for all three components below 1 ppb. The formation of BQ and HBA was observed shortly after the nascent degradation of BHT, while the oxidation rate drastically increased remarkably after complete consumption of both, the initial AO BHT and the monitored oxidation products BQ and HBA. Consequently, the amounts of antioxidant degradation products can be used as an indicator for the oxidation state of fuel, and can be measured in trace amounts with GC-MS/MS. © 2019 IASH. All rights reserved. 
Morris R.E.