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HERO ID
8573356
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Review
Title
The use of genetically modified mice in cancer risk assessment: Challenges and limitations
Author(s)
Eastmond, DA; Vulimiri, SV; French, JE; Sonawane, B
Year
2013
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Critical Reviews in Toxicology
ISSN:
1040-8444
EISSN:
1547-6898
Volume
43
Issue
8
Page Numbers
611-631
Language
English
PMID
23985072
DOI
10.3109/10408444.2013.822844
Abstract
The use of genetically modified (GM) mice to assess carcinogenicity is playing an increasingly important role in the safety evaluation of chemicals. While progress has been made in developing and evaluating mouse models such as the Trp53+/-, Tg.AC and the rasH2, the suitability of these models as replacements for the conventional rodent cancer bioassay and for assessing human health risks remains uncertain. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of accelerated cancer bioassays with GM mice for assessing the potential health risks associated with exposure to carcinogenic agents. We compared the published results from the GM bioassays to those obtained in the National Toxicology Program's conventional chronic mouse bioassay for their potential use in risk assessment. Our analysis indicates that the GM models are less efficient in detecting carcinogenic agents but more consistent in identifying non-carcinogenic agents. We identified several issues of concern related to the design of the accelerated bioassays (e.g., sample size, study duration, genetic stability and reproducibility) as well as pathway-dependency of effects, and different carcinogenic mechanisms operable in GM and non-GM mice. The use of the GM models for dose-response assessment is particularly problematic as these models are, at times, much more or less sensitive than the conventional rodent cancer bioassays. Thus, the existing GM mouse models may be useful for hazard identification, but will be of limited use for dose-response assessment. Hence, caution should be exercised when using GM mouse models to assess the carcinogenic risks of chemicals. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
Keywords
Carcinogen; Concordance; Dose-response; Hazard identification; Mechanism; Pathway-specificity; Study duration; Transgenic
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