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HERO ID
859460
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Water quality assessment: surface water sources used for drinking and irrigation in Zaria, Nigeria are a public health hazard
Author(s)
Chigor, VN; Umoh, VJ; Okuofu, CA; Ameh, JB; Igbinosa, EO; Okoh, AI
Year
2012
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
ISSN:
0167-6369
EISSN:
1573-2959
Volume
184
Issue
5
Page Numbers
3389-3400
Language
English
PMID
22016078
DOI
10.1007/s10661-011-2396-9
Web of Science Id
WOS:000303381300057
URL
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10661-011-2396-9
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Abstract
We assessed the quality and pollution status of source surface waters in Zaria, Nigeria by monitoring the nature, cause and extent of pollution in Samaru stream, Kubanni River and Kubanni dam over a period of 10 months, between March and December 2002. A total of 228 water samples was collected from 12 sites and analysed for a total of ten physicochemical and one bacteriological quality indicators, using standard methods. Aesthetic water quality impairment parameters were also observed. The mean values of most water quality parameters were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both the stream and river than in the dam. There was no significant correlation between faecal coliform counts (FCC) and water temperature (in the range 15-33°C); pH (5.77-7.32); and turbidity (1.4-567 NTU). The high FCC ranged from 2.0 × 10(1) to 1.6 × 10(6) MPN/100 ml and exceeded the WHO standards for drinking water and water used for fresh-produce irrigation, and correlated positively (P < 0.05) with conductivity (in the range 68-1,029 μS/cm); TDS (10.0-70.0 mg/l); TSS (10.0-70.0 mg/l); Cl (7.5-181 mg/l); PO (4) (-) P (0.01-0.41 mg/l); NO (3) (-) N (0.6-3.8 mg/l) and BOD(5) (0.1-14.9 mg/l). The main pollution sources were municipal wastewater, stormwater runoffs, the ABU sewage treatment plant, abattoir effluents and irrigation farms treated with chemical fertilisers. We conclude that these water bodies are potentially hazardous to public health and that proper sewage treatment and river quality monitoring are needed to warn against hazards to public health.
Keywords
Water quality; Irrigation; Assessment
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