Introduction and Purpose: The oil and gas sector is the subject of key interest and concern because of its increasing demand, the dependency of various sectors and high environmental impacts. Since this sector is growing drastically over a period of time, it is their foremost responsibility to make necessary changes in its supply chain. The Life cycle assessment of this sector will give us the idea to enumerate the various emissions, energy use, fuel usage, raw material requirement, resource consumption, material and energy balances related to each life cycle stages. By performing the detailed literature review, we know the various environmental impacts in each stage, existing life cycle models, different LCA methodologies and various cleaner technologies for the oil and gas sector. Based on the literature analysis, we have presented some discussions on recent trends in the oil and gas sector, cleaner technologies and propose future research directions on performing LCA study. Methodology: A detailed literature review was done by identifying the research papers focusing on the LCA in oil and gas sector. The database referred were EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of science. The literature search is limited to academic search from 1990 to 2018. Findings: There are many studies on LCA in oil and gas sector but none in Indian context focusing full cradle to grave analysis. In India despite a regulatory lid on polluting fuels, the overall fuel demand showed a healthy trend in 2017-18 on the back of strong growth in transportation fuels. The total consumption of petrol was increased from 10.14 percent to 26.17 MT, while diesel consumption grew by 6.63 percent to 81 MT in 2018. Various studies have confirmed that the main environment polluting hotspot identified in the supply chain was the refining activity, the maximum CO2e emissions is from the exploration and drilling stage i.e., 60-65% and the local pollutant emission is maximum in the oil usage phase which is approx SOx emissions is 5.45 MT, NOx is 6.88 MT and black carbon 8.5 MT. Some of impact categories with their values are Climate change potential 3.9*10-1 kg CO2 eq, ozone depletion potential 1.1*10-9 kg CFC-11 eq, human toxicity potential 1.1*10-3 kg1,4 DB eq and acidification potential 1.0*10-3 kg SO2 eq. Contributions: The results can be used in the comparative assessment of different crudes, by the government and the industry for decision making, by the various stakeholders and researchers who are conducting LCA and proposing models for systems that are using the petrochemical products in different context. LCA can also help in evaluating the available options and suggesting more sustainable alternatives so that the dependency on the energy sector can be minimized. Apart from environmental sustainability, economic and social sustainability are also the hotspots to be researched © IAMOT 2019.