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8649952 
Journal Article 
Potassium permanganate combined contact oxidation filter: Effect of hardness on start-up and manganese removal 
Sun, C; Yang, H; Liang, H; Li, G 
2020 
Yes 
Huanjing Kexue Xuebao / Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
ISSN: 0253-2468 
40 
10 
3674-3679 
Chinese 
As manganese pollution gradually aggravated in surface water, a process in which potassium permanganate assisted/combined contact oxidation filter was developed. In addition, the effect of hardness on manganese removal was investigated by artificial controlling concentrations of calcium and magnesium in the water due to the phenomenon of hardness background varied highly in different regions. The results showed that potassium permanganate oxidized Mn2+ in the water to generate active manganese-based film which can still realize the stable manganese concentration of effluent once the addition of potassium permanganate stopped. The hardness had a significant effect on manganese removal of the contact oxidation filter. When adjusting the concentration of hardness to 40, 200, 400 mg•L-1 and 700 mg•L-1 (as CaCO3) in the influent, the maturity period of contact oxidation filter occurred after 48, 56, 64 days and 72 days, respectively. In the maturity period, the highest removal capability of Mn2+ was 1.8, 1.7, 1.2 mg•L-1 and 0.7 mg•L-1. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved. 
Contact oxidation; Hardness; Manganese removal from surface water; Potassium permanganate