Solubility in alcohols and alcoholysis of carbonates, sulfides, cyanides and phosphates of alkaline metals
Evdokimov, AN; Kurzin, AV; Sivakov, AA; Golikova, VS
Published data on the solubility of carbonates of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium are considered and collected; sodium bicarbonate; sodium sulfide; potassium and sodium cyanides; orthophosphates, hydro- and dihydro-orthophosphates of potassium and sodium, as well as sodium pyrophosphate in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, methyl cellosolve and glycerin. Only some information for the above salts is taken from the most common reference books on solubility, the rest are selected from separate articles. In systems "potassium carbonate, sodium / methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether", "sodium sulfide / methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, benzyl alcohol", "potassium cyanide / methanol, ethylene glycol , glycerin "," potassium orthophosphate, sodium / ethylene glycol "and" sodium pyrophosphate / ethylene glycol "there is an acid-base equilibrium with the formation of the corresponding alcoholates. The mechanism of the reaction of alcoholysis and the formation of alcoholates from salts of alkali metals and alcohols is based on the distribution of components in phases. It was the analysis of all phases in alcohol solutions of alkali metal salts that made it possible to prove the presence of an alcoholysis reaction in some alcohol / salt systems. The concentration of dissolved salts in alcoholate-generating systems is significantly less than the values determined by the gravimetric method without taking into account the alcoholysis reaction and considered in common reference books as "the solubilities of the corresponding salts in alcohols." A classification of inorganic salts of alkali metals that enter into the alcoholysis reaction is proposed. Analysis of literature data showed that along with hydroxides and alkali metal salts, hydrides, organometallic compounds, acetylenides, nitrides, amides (including alkylamides) and azides enter into the alcoholysis reaction with the formation of alcoholates. Alcoholysis of salts can be considered as a promising method for the preparation of alkali metal alcoholates, in which a salt is used instead of a metal or hydroxide.
Alcohols; Alcoholysis; Alkoxides of alkali metals; Carbonates; Cyanides; Eth-ylene glycol; Glycerol; Orthophosphates; Pyrophosphates; Solubility; Sulfides; Ðлкоголиз; ÐлкоголÑÑÑ ÑелоÑнÑÑ
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