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HERO ID
9419155
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Racial and Sex Differences between Urinary Phthalates and Metabolic Syndrome among US Adults: NHANES 2005-2014
Author(s)
Ghosh, R; Haque, M; Turner, PC; Cruz-Cano, R; Dallal, CM
Year
2021
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
ISSN:
1661-7827
EISSN:
1660-4601
Volume
18
Issue
13
Language
English
PMID
34206929
DOI
10.3390/ijerph18136870
Web of Science Id
WOS:000671958000001
Abstract
Phthalates, plasticizers ubiquitous in household and personal care products, have been associated with metabolic disturbances. Despite the noted racial differences in phthalate exposure and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), it remains unclear whether associations between phthalate metabolites and MetS vary by race and sex. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 10,017 adults from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2005-2014). Prevalence odds ratios (POR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the association between 11 urinary phthalate metabolites and MetS using weighted sex and race stratified multivariable logistic regression. Higher MCOP levels were significantly associated with increased odds of MetS among women but not men, and only remained significant among White women (POR Q4 vs. Q1 = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.29; p-trend = 0.001). Similarly, the inverse association observed with MEHP among women, persisted among White women only (POR Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.80; p-trend = 0.003). However, ΣDEHP metabolites were associated with increased odds of MetS only among men, and this finding was limited to White men (POR Q4 vs. Q1 = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.35; p-trend = 0.06). Among Black men, an inverse association was observed with higher MEP levels (POR Q4 vs. Q1 = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.77; p-trend = 0.01). The findings suggest differential associations between phthalate metabolites and MetS by sex and race/ethnicity.
Keywords
phthalates; metabolic syndrome (MetS); race; sex
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