US EPA

1237539 

Journal Article 

Review 

Occurrences, uses, and properties of chromium 

Barnhart, J 

1997 

1 

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
ISSN: 0273-2300
EISSN: 1096-0295 

BIOSIS/97/31188 

26 

1 PART 2 

S3-S7 

English 

9380835 

10.1006/rtph.1997.1132 

WOS:A1997XZ58700002 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Chromium is the 21st most abundant element in the Earth's crust with a mean concentration in United States soils of about 40 mg/kg. Although it exists in several oxidation states, the zero, trivalent, and hexavalent states are the most important in commercial products and the environment. Nearly all naturally occurring chromium is in the trivalent state, usually in combination with iron or other metal oxides. Although only about 15% of the chromium mined is used in the manufacture of chemicals, most applications of chromium utilize the chemistry of chromium. For instance, the "stainless" nature of stainless steel is due to the chemical properties of the chromium oxides which form on the surface of the alloy. Similarly, the protective properties of chrome plating of metals, chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treatment of wood, and chrome tanning of leather are all dependent on chromium chemistry. The key to these uses is that under typical environmental and biological condi 

Ecology; Biochemical Methods-Minerals; Toxicology-Environmental and Industrial Toxicology