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1350553 
Journal Article 
Levels of creatine, organic contaminants and heavy metals in creatine dietary supplements 
Moret, S; Prevarin, A; Tubaro, F 
2011 
Yes 
Food Chemistry
ISSN: 0308-8146
EISSN: 1873-7072 
126 
3 
1232-1238 
WOS:000287349400063 
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been
optimised for the analysis of the creatine content and possible organic contaminants in 33
samples of creatine supplements from the market. Creatinine resulted to be the major organic
contaminant (44% of the samples over 100 mg/kg). About 15% of the samples had dihydro-1,3,5-
triazine concentrations exceeding the detection limit of 4.5 mg/kg (maximum 8.0 mg/kg) and a
dicyandiamide concentration over 50 mg/kg, while none of the samples were contaminated with
thiourea. The heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead) content was also assessed by
means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Only mercury was present in
detectable amounts (at levels lower than 1 mg/kg). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 
Creatine; Dietary supplements; Organic contaminants; HPLC; Heavy metals; ICP-MS