US EPA

2336948 

Journal Article 

Heated surfaces contribute to indoor ultrafine particle exposures 

Mullen, NA; Bhangar, S; Nazaroff, WW; Kreisberg, NM; Hering, SV 

2008 

952-959 

WOS:000259578900124 

Using water-based condensation particle counters, particle number concentrations were continuously monitored for 152 hours in a single-family dwelling to determine the exposure levels experienced indoors, as compared to outdoors, and to apportion indoor exposure concentrations to major sources. Despite the absence of unvented combustion, results indicate that the occupants of this home receive greater acute and chronic exposure to particles indoors than they would experience for an equivalent amount of time spent outdoors, and that indoor sources contribute more than outdoor sources to the occupants' indoor inhalation intake. Important indoor sources at this site were cooking on an electric stove, toasting bread in a toaster, and using a vented furnace. Future research is merited to better understand the extent to which sources such as these contribute to human exposures to ultrafine particles. 

ultrafine particles; intake; emission sources; indoor-outdoor relationships; house