US EPA

3065096 

Journal Article 

A zero-liquid-discharge scheme for vanadium extraction process by electrodialysis-based technology 

Wang, M; Xing, Hbo; Jia, YuX; Ren, QC 

2015 

Yes 

Journal of Hazardous Materials
ISSN: 0304-3894
EISSN: 1873-3336 

300 

322-328 

26207578 

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.042 

WOS:000366223700037 

The sharp increase of demand for vanadium makes the treatment of the wastewater generated from its extraction process become an urgent problem. In this study, a hybrid process coupling the electrodialysis with the cooling crystallization is put forward for upgrading the conventional vanadium extraction process to zero discharge. Accordingly, the objective of this work lies in evaluating the feasibility of the proposed scheme on the basis of a systematic study on the influences of membrane types and operating parameters on the electrodilysis performance. The results indicate that the relative importance of osmosis and electro-osmosis to overall water transport is closely related to the applied current density. The increase in the applied current density and the decrease in the mole ratio of water and salt flux will contribute to the concentration degree. Moreover, it is worth noting that a relatively large concentration ratio can result in the remarkable decrease of current efficiency and increase of energy consumption. In general, the reclamation scheme can easily achieve the recovered water with relatively low salt content and the highly concentrated Na2SO4 solution (e.g., 300 g/L) for producing high-purity sodium sulphate crystals. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. 

Vanadium extraction; Zero-liquid-discharge; Industrial saline water; Water transport; Concentration ratio