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3299813 
Journal Article 
Tropical grassy biomes: misunderstood, neglected, and under threat 
Parr, CL; Lehmann, CER; Bond, WJ; Hoffmann, WA; Andersen, AN 
2014 
1 
Trends in Ecology and Evolution
ISSN: 0169-5347 
29 
4 
205-213 
WOS:000335488100005 
Tropical grassy biomes (TGBs) are globally extensive,
provide critical ecosystem services, and influence the earth atmosphere system. Yet, globally
applied biome definitions ignore vegetation characteristics that are critical to their
functioning and evolutionary history. Hence, TGB identification is inconsistent and misinterprets
the ecological processes governing vegetation structure, with cascading negative consequences for
biodiversity. Here, we discuss threats linked to the definition of TGB, the Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation schemes (REDD+),
and enhanced atmospheric CO2, which may facilitate future state shifts. TGB degradation is
insidious and less visible than in forested biomes. With human reliance on TGBs and their
propensity for woody change, ecology and evolutionary history are fundamental to not only the
identification of TGBs, but also their management for future persistence. 
savanna; grassland; forest; REDD; CDM; atmospheric CO2; biome shift 
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