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3355300 
Book/Book Chapter 
Benzoic acid and derivatives 
Maki, T; Takeda, K 
2012 
Yes 
Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 
Hoboken, NJ 
Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry 
5 
329-342 
English 
is a chapter of 3827349 Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry
Benzoic Acid [65-85-0], C7H6O2. The name benzoic acid originates from gum benzoin, a balsamic resin obtained from a South Asian plant called styrax. The extraction of benzoic acid was carried out by SCHEELE in 1775. Its structure was determined by LIEBIG and WO€HLER in 1832. The initial production methods were developed in the late 1800s. They were based on the hydrolysis of benzotrichloride or the decarboxylation of phthalic anhydride. Today, benzoic acid is produced by oxidation of toluene with air, which has displaced dichromate and nitric acid oxidation processes.

Occurrence. Benzoic acid and its derivatives are widely distributed in nature. Gum benzoin contains from 12 – 18 % benzoic acid in free and esterified forms. Other natural products containing benzoic acid are the bark, foliage, fruits, and seeds of various plants, including cherries and prunes. Hippuric acid, found in the urine of herbivores, is a glycine derivative of benzoic acid. 
6th 
Elvers, B 
9783527303854