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3869701 
Journal Article 
Degradation of pharmaceutical diclofenac and ibuprofen in aqueous solution, a direct comparison of ozonation, photocatalysis, and non-thermal plasma 
Aziz, KHH; Miessner, H; Mueller, S; Kalass, D; Moeller, D; Khorshid, I; Rashid, MAM 
2017 
Yes 
Chemical Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1385-8947 
313 
1033-1041 
WOS:000394723200104 
Ozonation and different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as photocatalytic ozonation, photo catalytic oxidation and non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) have been examined for the degradation of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprbfen (IBP) in aqueous solution. To enable a direct comparison of the efficiencies of the mentioned methods, a planar falling film reactor with common design has been used.



The results show that the degradation of both pharmaceuticals by photocatalytic oxidation is only moderate. Direct ozonation in darkness, however, is very effective for the degradation of DCF and possesses the highest energy yield of 28 g/kW h. Degradation of IBP by Ozonation is slower than that of DCF and the estimated energy yield is 2.5 g/kW h. Ozonation results, however, in poor mineralization even after 90 min treatment. Combination of ozonation with photocatalysis, causes a synergetic effect for the degradation of IBP and the mineralization rate is enhanced for both pharmaceuticals. The degradation by DBD plasma depends on the gas atmosphere and the input energy. The effect of various gas atmospheres and input energies on the generation of hydrogen peroxide as well as on the degradation of DCF and IBP was investigated. The addition of Fe+ to the solution improves the degradation efficiency of DBD in an argon atmosphere due to the Fenton teaction. The mineralization efficiency of each oxidation methods was followed by the total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The highest TOC removal was obtained by photocatalytic ozonation and by DBD plasma in an Ar/O-2 atmosphere. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 
Diclofenac; Ibuprofen; Advanced oxidation process; Ozonation; Photocatalytic ozonation; Dielectric barrier discharge