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3941448 
Journal Article 
Spatial differentiation of marine eutrophication damage indicators based on species density 
Cosme, N; Jones, MC; Cheung, WWL; Larsen, HF 
2017 
Yes 
Ecological Indicators
ISSN: 1470-160X
EISSN: 1872-7034 
73 
676-685 
WOS:000398334400067 
Marine eutrophication refers to an ecosystem response to the loading of nutrients, typically nitrogen (N), to coastal waters where several impacts may occur. The increase of planktonic growth due to N-enrichment fuels the organic carbon cycles and may lead to excessive oxygen depletion in benthic waters. Such hypoxic conditions may cause severe effects on exposed ecological communities. The biologic processes that determine production, sink, and aerobic respiration of organic material, as a function of available N, are coupled with the sensitivity of demersal species to hypoxia to derive an indicator of the Ecosystem Response (ER) to N-uptake. The loss of species richness expressed by the ER is further modelled to a marine eutrophication Ecosystem Damage (meED) indicator, as an absolute metric of time integrated number of species disappeared (species yr), by applying a newly-proposed and spatially-explicit factor based on species density (SD). The meED indicator is calculated for 66 Large Marine Ecosystems and ranges from 1.6 x 10(-12) species kgN(-1) in the Central Arctic Ocean, to 4.8 x 10(-8) species kgN-1 in the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf. The spatially explicit SDs contribute to the environmental relevance of meED scores and to the harmonisation of marine eutrophication impacts with other ecosystem-damage Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) indicators. The novel features improve current methodologies and support the adoption of the meED indicator in LCIA for the characterization of anthropogenic-N emissions and thus contributing to the sustainability assessment of human activities. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 
Exposure; Effect; Life cycle impact assessment; Ecosystem damage; Large marine ecosystems; Potentially affected fraction of species