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HERO ID
4121709
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Natural and Enhanced Attenuation of Explosives on a Hand Grenade Range
Author(s)
Borden, RC; Won, J; Yuncu, B
Year
2017
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Journal of Environmental Quality
ISSN:
0047-2425
EISSN:
1537-2537
Publisher
WILEY
Location
HOBOKEN
Volume
46
Issue
5
Page Numbers
961-967
Language
English
PMID
28991983
DOI
10.2134/jeq2016.12.0466
Web of Science Id
WOS:000411433900004
Abstract
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (Royal Demolition Explosive, or RDX) deposited on hand grenade training ranges can leach through the soil and impact shallow groundwater. A 27-mo field monitoring project was conducted to evaluate the transport and attenuation of high explosives in variably saturated soils at an active grenade range located at Fort Bragg, NC. Two approaches were evaluated: (i) natural attenuation in grenade Bay C; and (ii) enhanced attenuation in Grenade Bay T. There was no evidence of TNT accumulation or leaching in surface soils or pore water in either bay, consistent with parallel laboratory studies showing aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of TNT. In the untreated Bay C, the low saturated hydraulic conductivity () combined with high rainfall and warm summer temperatures resulted in reducing conditions (low oxidation-reduction potential), an increase in dissolved Mn, and a rapid decline in nitrate and RDX. In Bay T, the somewhat greater and lower soil organic C level resulted in more oxidizing conditions with greater RDX leaching. A single-spray application of glycerin and lignosulfonate to the soil surface in Bay T was effective in generating reducing conditions and stimulating RDX biodegradation for ∼1 yr.
Tags
IRIS
•
Nitrate/Nitrite
Broad LitSearch 2016/1/1 - 2017/12/5
Refs found by LitSearch but not ATSDR/IARC
PubMed
WoS
Refs found only by 2017 LitSearch or Citation Mapping
Ref Types 12/2017
All Others
LitSearch Update 2016-2017
PubMed
WoS
•
RDX (121-82-4)
Database Searches November 2017
Pubmed 11/17
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