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HERO ID
4257983
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Bacteria and virus removal effectiveness of ceramic pot filters with different silver applications in a long term experiment
Author(s)
van der Laan, H; van Halem, D; Smeets, PW; Soppe, AI; Kroesbergen, J; Wubbels, G; Nederstigt, J; Gensburger, I; Heijman, SG
Year
2014
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Water Research
ISSN:
0043-1354
EISSN:
1879-2448
Volume
51
Page Numbers
47-54
Language
English
PMID
24388830
DOI
10.1016/j.watres.2013.11.010
Web of Science Id
WOS:000331681200005
Abstract
In 2012 more than 4 million people used a ceramic pot filter (CPF) as household water treatment system for their daily drinking water needs. In the normal production protocol most low cost filters are impregnated with a silver solution to enhance the microbial removal efficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the role of silver during the filtration and subsequent storage. Twenty-two CPFs with three different silver applications (non, only outside and both sides) were compared in a long-term loading experiment with Escherichia coli (K12 and WR1) and MS2 bacteriophages in natural challenge water under highly controlled laboratory circumstances. No significant difference in Log Removal Values were found between the filters with different silver applications. The results show that the storage time in the receptacle is the dominant parameter to reach E. coli inactivation by silver, and not the contact time during the filtration phase. The hypothesis that the absence of silver would enhance the virus removal, due to biofilm formation on the ceramic filter element, could not be confirmed. The removal effectiveness for viruses is still of major concern for the CPF. This study suggests that the ceramic pot filter characteristics, such as burnt material content, do not determine E. coli removal efficacies, but rather the contact time with silver during storage is the dominant parameter to reach E. coli inactivation.
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