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4258525 
Journal Article 
The Unique Structural Evolution of the O3-Phase Na2/3Fe2/3Mn1/3O2 during High Rate Charge/Discharge: A Sodium-Centred Perspective 
Sharma, N; Gonzalo, E; Pramudita, JC; Han, ManH; Brand, HEA; Hart, JN; Pang, WeiK; Guo, Z; Rojo, T 
2015 
Yes 
Advanced Functional Materials
ISSN: 1616-301X
EISSN: 1616-3028 
25 
31 
4994-5005 
WOS:000359870900007 
The development of new insertion electrodes in sodium-ion batteries requires an in-depth understanding of the relationship between electrochemical performance and the structural evolution during cycling. To date in situ synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction methods appear to be the only probes of in situ electrode evolution at high rates, a critical condition for battery development. Here, the structural evolution of the recently synthesized O3-phase of Na2/3Fe2/3Mn1/3O2 is reported under relatively high current rates. The evolution of the phases, their lattice parameters, and phase fractions, and the sodium content in the crystal structure as a function of the charge/discharge process are shown. It is found that the O3-phase persists throughout the charge/discharge cycle but undergoes a series of two-phase and solid-solution transitions subtly modifying the sodium content and atomic positions but keeping the overall space-group symmetry (structural motif). In addition, for the first time, evidence of a structurally characterized region is shown that undergoes two-phase and solid-solution phase transitions simultaneously. The Mn/Fe-O bond lengths, c lattice parameter evolution, and the distance between the Mn/FeO6 layers are shown to concertedly change in a favorable manner for Na+ insertion/extraction. The exceptional electrochemical performance of this electrode can be related in part to the electrode maintaining the O3-phase throughout the charge/discharge process.