US EPA

4779286 

Technical Report 

Anatomical and physiological differences between various species used in studies on the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of xenobiotics. A review of literature 

de Zwart, LL; Rompelberg, CJM: Sips, AJAM; Welink, J; van Engelen, JGM 

1999 

Rijksintituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RVIM) 

Bilthoven, The Netherlands 

RIVM Report 623860010 

100 

English 

This is the first report of the project 'Selection of species and interspecies differences in relation to kinetics and dynamics of compounds'. An inventory was made of relevant physiological and anatomical characteristics of various species most commonly used in studies on pharmacokinetics and toxicology of oral exposure to xenobiotics. The species studied were: the human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, (mini)pig and monkey. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, mouth, stomach and small intestine, and of the bile and metabolism in liver and small intestine were reviewed. This report is primarily meant as a review for researchers using animal models to study pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of xenobiotics, and for risk assessors on pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. The aim of the project is to gain insight into the consequences of interspecies differences in anatomy and physiology on the pharmacokinetics of various classes of compounds. In future, this should lead to improved species selection and subsequently to improved animal-human extrapolation. 

Anatomische en fysiologische verschillen tussen species gebruikt in studies naar farmacokinetiek en toxicologie van xenobiotica. Een literatuur overzicht 

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