US EPA

660865 

Book/Book Chapter 

Individual variation and immunological effects in human biomonitoring 

Lewalter, J; Miksche, L 

1991 

Oxford University Press 

Oxford, UK 

NIOSH/00228656 

Human carcinogen exposure biomonitoring and risk assessment 

Biomonitoring and Risk Assessment 

315-327 

is a chapter of 1061267 Human carcinogen exposure: Biomonitoring and risk assessment

The contribution of individual enzymatic and/or immunological factors to the metabolism and toxic effects of chemical agents was examined by evaluating case reports of exposures to aromatic amines, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, and hexavalent chromium (7440473) compounds. Studies have suggested an association between the activity of N-acetyl-transferase enzymes and the ability to detoxify aromatic amines. The acetylation status of workers exposed to agents such as benzidine (92875), beta-naphthylamine (91598), or 4-aminodiphenyl (92671) has been reported to be related to risk of tumor development. In addition, the risk of formation of conjugates between aromatic amines and proteins such as hemoglobin has been associated with the acetylation status as well as the immunologic susceptibility of an individual. An enzymatic polymorphism in oxidative liver metabolism has been postulated to affect the degree of detoxification of reactive intermediates resulting from the metabolism of chlorobenzene (108907). Additionally, the reduction capacity of plasma has been implicated in influencing the chromium concentration in different blood compartments. Human chromium-VI metabolism has been reported to be dependent upon the ascorbic-acid and sulfhydryl group activities present in plasma or erythrocytes. Metabolic intermediates of certain chemical agents have been reported to affect the status of lymphocytes, the proliferation rate of which has been associated with protein adduct formation. Adduct formation rate was therefore proposed as a possible means of evaluation of the immune consequences of chemical exposure. The contribution of confounding factors such as diet and lifestyle habits was discussed. 

DCN-228884; Amino compounds; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Chromium compounds; Toxic effects; Enzyme activity; Risk factors; Metabolites; Oxidative metabolism; Immune system; Aromatic hydrocarbons; 7440-47-3; 92-87-5; 91-59-8; 92-67-1; 108-90-7 

Garner, RC; Farmer, PB; Steel, GT; Wright, AS 

978-0199631858