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7025303 
Journal Article 
Carbothermal reduction characteristics of oxidized Mn ore through conventional heating and microwave heating 
He, Y; Liu, J; Liu, J; Chen, C; Zhuang, C; , 
2020 
Yes 
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials
ISSN: 1674-4799 
SPRINGER 
NEW YORK 
28 
2 
221-230 
WOS:000540403900003 
For the purpose of exploring a potential process to produce FeMn, the effects of microwave heating on the carbothermal reduction characteristics of oxidized Mn ore was investigated. The microwave heating curve of the mixture of oxidized Mn ore and coke was analyzed in association with the characterization of dielectric properties. The comparative experiments were conducted on the carbothermal reductions through conventional and microwave heatings at temperatures ranging from 973 to 1373 K. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that carbothermal reactions under microwave heating proceeded to a greater extent and at a faster pace compared with those under conventional heating. The metal phases were observed in the microstructures only under microwave heating. The carbothermal reduction process under microwave heating was discussed. The electric and magnetic susceptibility differences were introduced into the thermodynamics analysis for the formation of metal Mn. The developed thermodynamics considered that microwave heating could make the reduction of MnO to Mn more accessible and increase the reduction extent. 
carbothermal reduction; manganese ore; manganese oxides; microwave heating; thermodynamics; electromagnetic fields