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HERO ID
7641073
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Review
Title
Cystic Fibrosis, CFTR, and Colorectal Cancer
Author(s)
Scott, P; Anderson, K; Singhania, M; Cormier, R
Year
2020
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN:
1422-0067
EISSN:
14220067
Volume
21
Issue
8
Language
English
PMID
32326161
DOI
10.3390/ijms21082891
Web of Science Id
WOS:000535565300233
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by biallelic inactivating mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, has recently been categorized as a familial colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome. CF patients are highly susceptible to early, aggressive colorectal tumor development. Endoscopic screening studies have revealed that by the age of forty 50% of CF patients will develop adenomas, with 25% developing aggressive advanced adenomas, some of which will have already advanced to adenocarcinomas. This enhanced risk has led to new CF colorectal cancer screening recommendations, lowering the initiation of endoscopic screening to age forty in CF patients, and to age thirty in organ transplant recipients. The enhanced risk for CRC also extends to the millions of people (more than 10 million in the US) who are heterozygous carriers of CFTR gene mutations. Further, lowered expression of CFTR is reported in sporadic CRC, where downregulation of CFTR is associated with poor survival. Mechanisms underlying the actions of CFTR as a tumor suppressor are not clearly understood. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and disruption of intestinal stem cell homeostasis and intestinal barrier integrity, as well as intestinal dysbiosis, immune cell infiltration, stress responses, and intestinal inflammation have all been reported in human CF patients and in animal models. Notably, the development of new drug modalities to treat non-gastrointestinal pathologies in CF patients, especially pulmonary disease, offers hope that these drugs could be repurposed for gastrointestinal cancers.
Keywords
CFTR; cystic fibrosis; colorectal cancer; tumor suppressor
Tag
IRIS
•
Chromium VI
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