INTRODUCTION Methanol is commonly used in industry for organic synthetic procedures or as a solvent. As a result, it is accessible to the general public in a variety of products such as antifreeze, fuels (Sterno), duplicating machine fluids, and in gasoline as a fuel extender. Methanol and other alcohols have been employed as sources of energy or fuel for many years, particularly in times of war. Methanol's use as an automobile fuel, as well as other proposed uses for energy production, will increase human methanol contact from a limited laboratory or industrial exposure to a general environmental exposure. Although methanol theoretically represents a "clean" substance capable of oxidation to water and carbon dioxide, in humans biochemical reactions produce metabolites that are clearly toxic.
A consideration of the toxicity of methanol, especially in species which demonstrate signs and symptoms, seems appropriate for several reasons. First, humans are sensitive to methanol poisoning, and limits of tolerance must be considered. Second, nutritional factors may play an important role (e.g., folate deficiency) in determining susceptibility. Our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in methanol toxicity is described.