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Citation
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HERO ID
1001052
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
On the Mechanism of Silicon Activation by Halogen Atoms
Author(s)
Soria, FA; Patrito, EM; Paredes-Olivera, P
Year
2011
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Langmuir
ISSN:
0743-7463
EISSN:
1520-5827
Volume
27
Issue
6
Page Numbers
2613-2624
Language
English
PMID
21338085
DOI
10.1021/la104701g
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of chlorinated silicon as the starting point for further functionalization reactions, the high reactivity of this surface toward a simple polar molecule such as ammonia still remains unclear. We therefore undertook a comprehensive investigation of the factors that govern the reactivity of halogenated silicon surfaces. The reaction of NH(3) was investigated comparatively on the Cl-Si(100)-2 × 1, Br-Si(100)-2 × 1, H-Si(100)-2 × 1, and Si(100)-2 × 1 surfaces using density functional theory. The halogenated surfaces show considerable activation with respect to the hydrogenated surface. The reaction on the halogenated surfaces proceeds via the formation of a stable datively bonded complex in which a silicon atom is pentacoordinated. The activation of the halogenated Si(100)-2 × 1 surfaces toward ammonia arises from the large redistribution of charge in the transition state that precedes the breakage of the Si-X bond and the formation of the Si-NH(2) bond. This transition state has an ionic nature of the form Si-NH(3)(+)X(-). Steric effects also play an important role in surface reactivity, making brominated surfaces less reactive than chlorinated surfaces. The overall activation-energy barriers on the Cl-Si(100)-2 × 1 and Br-Si(100)-2 × 1 surfaces are 12.3 and 19.9 kcal/mol, respectively, whereas on the hydrogenated Si(100)-2 × 1 surface the energy barrier is 38.3 kcal/mol. The reaction of ammonia on the chlorinated surface is even more activated than on the bare Si(100)-2 × 1 surface, for which the activation barrier is 21.3 kcal/mol. Coadsorption effects in partially aminated surfaces and in the presence of reaction products increase activation-energy barriers and have a blocking effect for further reactions of NH(3).
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IRIS
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Ammonia
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