US EPA

1145646 

Journal Article 

Fuel saving, carbon dioxide emission avoidance, and syngas production by tri-reforming of flue gases from coal- and gas-fired power stations, and by the carbothermic reduction of iron oxide 

Halmann, M; Steinfeld, A 

2006 

Yes 

Energy
ISSN: 0360-5442 

Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] 

31 

15 

3171-3185 

10.1016/j.energy.2006.03.009 

WOS:000241246600009 

https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544206000636
Exit
 

Flue gases from coal, gas, or oil-fired power stations, as well as from several heavy industries, such as the production of iron, lime and cement, are major anthropogenic sources of global CO sub(2) emissions. The newly proposed process for syngas production based on the tri-reforming of such flue gases with natural gas could be an important route for CO sub(2) emission avoidance. In addition, by combining the carbothermic reduction of iron oxide with the partial oxidation of the carbon source, an overall thermoneutral process can be designed for the co-production of iron and syngas rich in CO. Water-gas shift (WGS) of CO to H sub(2) enables the production of useful syngas. The reaction process heat, or the conditions for thermoneutrality, are derived by thermochemical equilibrium calculations. The thermodynamic constraints are determined for the production of syngas suitable for methanol, hydrogen, or ammonia synthesis. The environmental and economic consequences are assessed for large-scale commercial production of these chemical commodities. Preliminary evaluations with natural gas, coke, or coal as carbon source indicate that such combined processes should be economically competitive, as well as promising significant fuel saving and CO sub(2) emission avoidance. The production of ammonia in the above processes seems particularly attractive, as it consumes the nitrogen in the flue gases. 

ammonia; carbon; carbon dioxide; coal; coal-fired power stations; coke; flue gases; fuel saving; gas-fired power stations; greenhouse gas; hydrogen; iron; iron oxide; methane; methanol; natural gas reforming; partial oxidation; power stations; reforming; syngas; thermoneutral; tri-reforming