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1226443 
Journal Article 
Review 
Cross-kingdom hormonal signaling: an insight from thyroid hormone functions in marine larvae 
Heyland, A; Moroz, LL 
2005 
Yes 
Journal of Experimental Biology
ISSN: 0022-0949
EISSN: 1477-9145 
COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD 
CAMBRIDGE 
208 
Pt 23 
4355-4361 
English 
16339856 
WOS:000234414800010 
Thyroid hormones (THs) are small, lipophilic signaling molecules built from tyrosine and iodine. TH action is well characterized in vertebrates, where these molecules play a fundamental role as regulators of development, metabolism, growth and differentiation. Increasing evidence suggests that THs also function in a variety of invertebrate species. Two alternative sources of hormone for animals are exogenous (from food items) and endogenous synthesis. We propose that exogenous THs can convey environmental information as well as regulate metabolism, revealing new communication avenues between organisms from different kingdoms. While such modes of cross-kingdom communication have been previously considered for fatty acid-based signaling and steroid hormones in plant-animal interactions, this is the first attempt to explore such a mode of action for TH signaling. We suggest that exogenous sources of TH (from food) may have been ancestral, while the ability to synthesize TH endogenously may have evolved independently in a variety of metazoans, resulting in a diversity of signaling pathways and, possibly, morphological structures involved in TH-signaling. 
thyroid hormone; mollusc; echinoderm; nuclear hormone receptor; non-genomic action; sea urchin; Aplysia; LAMPREYS PETROMYZON-MARINUS; NONGENOMIC STEROID ACTIONS; FACTOR-I GENE; CIONA-INTESTINALIS; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; ASCIDIAN HOMOLOGS; SAND-DOLLARS; AMINO-ACIDS; ENDOSTYLE; EVOLUTION 
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