Jump to main content
US EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Search
Search
Main menu
Environmental Topics
Laws & Regulations
About EPA
Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)
Contact Us
Print
Feedback
Export to File
Search:
This record has one attached file:
Add More Files
Attach File(s):
Display Name for File*:
Save
Citation
Tags
HERO ID
1353772
Reference Type
Book/Book Chapter
Title
Liquid sulfur
Author(s)
Steudel, R
Year
2003
Book Title
TOPICS IN CURRENT CHEMISTRY
Volume
230
Page Numbers
81-116
DOI
10.1007/b12111
Web of Science Id
WOS:000187853100002
Abstract
The molecular composition as well as the physical properties
(including spectra) of liquid sulfur are reviewed starting with a historic Introduction to
explain the terms pi-sulfur and mu-sulfur. At all temperatures the melt contains homocyclic rings
of between 6 and at least 35 atoms with S-8 as the majority species as well as polymeric sulfur
(S-infinity) which becomes a major component only above 170 degreesC. The polymer probably
consists of very large rings at temperatures below 157 degreesC but above this temperature very
long diradicalic chains occur in addition. At temperatures above 300 degreesC highly colored
small molecules like S-3 and, at even higher temperatures, S-4 can be detected spectroscopically.
According to quantum-chemical calculations branched rings (clusters) will be minor components at
temperatures near the boiling point only. The temperature dependence of the composition is
explained and the various polymerization theories for the transformation of S-8 into S-infinity
as well as the molecular nature of the polymer are discussed. In addition, the various analytical
techniques applied to solve the composition problem of liquid sulfur are described.
Keywords
sulfur rings; sulfur chains; branched rings; thermodynamics; polymerization; photochemistry
Tags
IRIS
•
Arsenic (Inorganic)
1. Literature
Web of Science
4. Adverse Outcome Pathways/Networks Screening
Excluded/Not relevant
Electronic discard
•
Arsenic MOA
2. Electronic Discard
1. MOA Literature Screening
MOA Cluster
•
Inorganic Arsenic (7440-38-2) [Final 2025]
1. Initial Lit Search
WOS
4. Considered through Oct 2015
6. Cluster Filter through Oct 2015
Home
Learn about HERO
Using HERO
Search HERO
Projects in HERO
Risk Assessment
Transparency & Integrity