US EPA

2444294 

Journal Article 

Ambient air pollution and depressive symptoms in older adults: results from the MOBILIZE Boston study 

Wang, Y; Eliot, MN; Koutrakis, P; Gryparis, A; Schwartz, JD; Coull, BA; Mittleman, M; Milberg, WP; Lipsitz, LA; Wellenius, GA 

2014 

Yes 

Environmental Health Perspectives
ISSN: 0091-6765
EISSN: 1552-9924 

US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE 

RES TRIANGLE PK 

122 

6 

553-558 

English 

24610154 

10.1289/ehp.1205909 

WOS:000338926500016 

BACKGROUND: Exposure to ambient air pollution, particularly from traffic, has been associated with adverse cognitive outcomes, but the association with depressive symptoms remains unclear. Objectives: We investigated the association between exposure to ambient air and traffic pollution and the presence of depressive symptoms among 732 Boston-area adults >= 65 years of age (78.1 +/- 5.5 years, mean +/- SD).



METHODS: We assessed depressive symptoms during home interviews using the Revised Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R). We estimated residential distance to the nearest major roadway as a marker of long-term exposure to traffic pollution and assessed short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfates, black carbon (BC), ultrafine particles, and gaseous pollutants, averaged over the 2 weeks preceding each assessment. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of a CESD-R score >= 16 associated with exposure, adjusting for potential confounders. In sensitivity analyses, we considered CESD-R score as a continuous outcome and mean annual residential BC as an alternate marker of long-term exposure to traffic pollution.



RESULTS: We found no evidence of a positive association between depressive symptoms and long-term exposure to traffic pollution or short-term changes in pollutant levels. For example, we found an OR of CESD-R score >= 16 of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.98) per interquartile range (3.4 mu g/m(3)) increase in PM2.5 over the 2 weeks preceding assessment.



CONCLUSION: We found no evidence suggesting that ambient air pollution is associated with depressive symptoms among older adults living in a metropolitan area in attainment of current U.S. regulatory standards.