US EPA

4338521 

Book/Book Chapter 

Hepatic toxicity biomarkers 

Yang, X; Schnakenberg, LK; Shi, Q; Salminen, WF 

2014 

Academic Press 

New York, NY 

Biomarkers in Toxicology 

241-259 

English 

10.1016/B978-0-12-404630-6.00013-0 

is a chapter of 4338608 Biomarkers in toxicology

The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body and it is the main site for the metabolism of endogenous molecules and xenobiotics. Drug-induced liver injury is one of the leading causes of drug attrition during drug development and post-marketing drug withdrawal. Current biomarkers can detect liver injury but there are many inadequacies that make them less than ideal. For example, the serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is the most commonly used biomarker of hepatocellular injury, but its elevation can also reflect muscle injury. Therefore, more sensitive and specific biomarkers are needed to better predict liver toxicity. The omics technologies including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been employed in hepatotoxicity studies to identify new biomarkers. This chapter evaluates the existing and emerging hepatotoxicity biomarkers from the omics platforms as well as from analysis of microRNAs in human body fluids. A brief description of the qualification of biomarker candidates is also given. 

biomarkers; hepatotoxicity; metabolomics; microRNA; proteomics; transcriptomics 

Gupta, RC 

9780124046306