US EPA

4439169 

Book/Book Chapter 

Chapter 8. Liver and gall bladder 

Cattley, RC; Cullen, JM 

2018 

Yes 

Academic Press 

Cambridge, MA 

Fundamentals of toxicologic pathology 

125-151 

English 

10.1016/B978-0-12-809841-7.00008-3 

is a chapter of 4595044 Fundamentals of toxicologic pathology

The liver is generally regarded as the most important organ in the evaluation of toxicity. As such, the evaluation, interpretation, and contextualization of liver lesions is an important concern for pathologists, toxicologists, and other scientists engaged in hazard identification and dose
response characterization of unknown or potentially toxic entities. By virtue of the source and volume of its blood supply, the liver receives a much higher exposure of orally administered chemical substances than other organs. In addition, the liver’s capacity for metabolizing and eliminating these substances is very extensive, exposing the liver to a wide variety of potentially injurious metabolites compared with similar activities in other tissues.

Chemicals affecting the liver have been identified from across the spectrum of structural characteristics and commercial applications. This includes drugs and biotherapeutics that are very early in the discovery process, or in advancing stages of clinical development and commercialization. In addition, a variety of commodity and specialty chemicals, as well as agricultural and veterinary products and product candidates, may have hepatotoxic activity. Liver function is critical to the survival of the organism, so exposure to any potentially hepatotoxic entity is a concern. 

3rd 

Wallig, MA; Haschek, WM; Rousseaux, CG; Bolon, B 

9780128098417